The Design of Everyday Things（节选）

>原文节选自 Don Norman经典著作。中文为译注。

A door with a flat plate on it affords pushing. A door with a handle affords pulling. The of an object is independent of the user's ability to perceive it. But in interaction design, what matters is what the user notices. Norman later introduced the term to distinguish between the literal of an object and the perceived indicator of how to use it. When we design interfaces, our job is to make the right obvious. A button that looks tappable should be tappable. A scrollable area should look scrollable. This is where the designer's of the user becomes critical: we have to predict what users will expect.

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*译注：affordance 在中文圈常译作'可供性'或'示能性'。Norman 后来认为 signifier（示能标志）是更准确的设计术语——我们设计的是 signifier，不是 affordance本身。

三条核心启发

1. 可视性（Visibility）：用户能看到的所有功能。 2. 反馈（Feedback）：每次操作都有清晰的响应。 3. 一致性（Mapping）*：控件和动作之间的关系要符合。

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阅读建议：当你读完这段，回头看自己的产品 — 你能说出每个按钮的 affordance是什么吗？