within-subject study

被试内设计：每位参与者都经历所有实验条件的研究设计，便于在个体层面做条件对比，是 HCI 原型评估的常见方法。

English Definition

"An experimental design in which each participant experiences all conditions of the study, enabling direct comparison of treatments per individual (also called repeated-measures design)."

用法说明 · 针对中文母语者

与 between-subjects design 相对，能用更少样本获得更高统计效力，但要注意顺序效应（可用 counterbalancing 抵消）。

常见错误

·和 between-subjects 搞混；within-subject 是'每人跑全部条件'
·忽略学习效应/疲劳效应，会让数据有偏

真实用例 · 2 条

"We then evaluated InkStack in a within-subject study with N = 20 participants, comparing its use across four board game mechanics against traditional paper cards and a smartphone."

论文Pipeline extracted — review needed·abstract 中描述主实验的设计

"We then evaluated the system in a within-subject study with N = 20 participants, comparing InkStack to smartphone and paper cards across four card-game mechanics."

论文Pipeline extracted — review needed·正文 Introduction 概述评估方法

由 pipeline 自动采集，待人工 review