within-subject design

被试内设计（又称重复测量设计），一种实验设计方法，每个被试都参与所有自变量水平/条件的测试，从而减少个体差异带来的误差方差。

English Definition

"An experimental design in which each subject experiences all levels/conditions of the independent variable, reducing error variance due to individual differences."

用法说明 · 针对中文母语者

在HCI/UX用户研究中常用，特别适合被试间差异较大的场景（如晕动症易感性）。但易受顺序效应（order effect）和学习效应影响，常需做平衡或对照设计。

常见错误

·与 between-subject design（被试间设计）混淆
·忽略顺序效应（order effect）和疲劳效应

真实用例 · 3 条

"A main difficulty in analyzing data from these studies is how to incorporate the individual difference in motion-sickness susceptibility. Since susceptibilities are markedly different among subjects, within-subject design experiments are preferred."

论文Pipeline extracted — review needed·讨论被试内设计在被试易感性差异较大时的优势

"the within-subject design table inevitably has several missing entries"

论文Pipeline extracted — review needed·讨论被试内设计数据中可能存在的缺失值问题

"it is desirable that every stimulus condition is evenly tested by each subject (within-subject design)"

论文Pipeline extracted — review needed·被试内设计的目标是让每个被试均匀测试所有刺激条件

由 pipeline 自动采集，待人工 review