modulating factors
调节因素；能调节（放大或抑制）某一现象发生强度或概率的变量或条件。在 HCI/UX 研究中，常用来描述影响用户体验结果但非主因的上下文要素。
English Definition
"Variables or contextual conditions that influence the magnitude or likelihood of a phenomenon without being its primary cause; commonly used in HCI/UX research to describe elements that amplify or dampen a user-experience outcome."
用法说明 · 针对中文母语者
在设计研究中，modulating factors 区别于 causal factors：前者调节现象的强度，后者直接导致现象。中文常译为'调节因素'，注意不要与统计学的'调节变量 / moderator variable' 简单等同。
真实用例 · 3 条
"Little is known about current numbers of sufferers, cultural differences, or which modulating factors are being perceived as most relevant."
"we consider all other factors that may affect motion sickness as modulating factors, such as vision or air quality."
"The main modulating factors were found to be driving dynamics, visual activities, and low air quality."