Landmark
（寻路语境下的）地标（landmark），指环境中显著、独特且易于识别的特征物（建筑、招牌、树木、纪念物等），作为导航与定位的参照点。在 Siegel & White (1975) 的寻路发展理论中，地标是儿童学习路径时最先习得的元素。
English Definition
"A salient, distinctive, and visually recognizable feature of an environment (e.g., a building, sign, tree, or monument) that serves as a reference point for navigation and orientation."
用法说明 · 针对中文母语者
中文译作'地标'或'标志物'。在通用英语里 landmark 仅指'著名地点'，但在寻路/设计语境中泛指一切可作为空间定位线索的可识别特征。
常见错误
- ·不要把 landmark 局限于'著名景点/建筑物'，寻路研究中它泛指任何可识别的空间线索
- ·不要与 waypoint（航点）混淆：waypoint 是路径上的预设坐标点，landmark 是环境中的可识别特征
真实用例 · 4 条
"The virtual environment contained (i) no landmarks (ii) landmarks or (iii) landmarks that were verbally labelled."
"Landmarks are considered to be important for successful performance on spatial tasks such as the reorientation task."
"Siegel and White (1975) emphasised the importance of landmarks by arguing that landmarks were the first elements that children learnt visually when encoding a route."
"young children are particularly dependent on landmarks closely associated with junctions/choice points."