Boundary Negotiating Artifacts (BNA)
边界协商物件（BNA），Lee 在 2017 年对 Star & Griesemer「边界物件」理论的延伸，指在跨组织、跨专业、跨学科协作中，通过各方主动协商而产生、用于支撑跨界合作的人造物（如表格、仪表盘、规范文档等）。
English Definition
"A concept by Charlotte P. Lee (2017) extending Star & Griesemer's 'boundary objects' theory; refers to artifacts that emerge through active negotiation across organizational, professional, or disciplinary boundaries to facilitate cross-boundary collaboration."
用法说明 · 针对中文母语者
常与 CSCW（计算机支持协同工作）和 crisis informatics 文献一同出现。BNA 强调「协商」过程——物件本身在协作中会被持续重塑。注意与「boundary object」的区分：BNA 强调非例行、复杂场景下的动态协商。
常见错误
- ·误译为「边界对象」，与 software engineering 的 boundary object 混淆
- ·忽略 BNAs 末尾的 s——它强调多个物件及其相互关系
真实用例 · 4 条
"We use Lee's concept of boundary negotiating artifacts (BNAs) [75] to guide our analysis."
"We found that the absence or breakdown of artifacts pushed university personnel toward ad hoc workarounds, while power dynamics complicated artifact creation and use."
"These insights both enrich BNA theory's defining features of non-routine, complex collaborations and point to design opportunities for supporting knowledge workers."
"much literature has brought out the importance of artifacts, which support teamwork by surfacing different perspectives, coordinating roles, and facilitating consensus-building"