basic color terms
基本颜色词，由 Berlin 和 Kay 在 1969 年提出的十一个跨语言普遍存在的颜色范畴（黑、白、红、绿、黄、蓝、棕、紫、粉、橙、灰）。
English Definition
"A set of universal color categories proposed by Berlin and Kay (1969), comprising eleven terms (black, white, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, purple, pink, orange, gray) that appear consistently across languages."
用法说明 · 针对中文母语者
首字母常小写作为通用概念；专指 Berlin & Kay 理论时大写或加引号。中文译法统一用"基本颜色词"，避免译为"基础色"。
常见错误
- ·与"primary colors / 三原色"混淆：基本颜色词是语言学/认知范畴，而三原色是色彩学/印刷或光学概念
- ·误以为只有 6 或 7 个——实际原典中是 11 个
真实用例 · 3 条
"From Berlin and Kay's seminal work on basic color terms to large-scale cross-cultural surveys such as the World Color Survey, researchers have demonstrated both the universality and diversity of color naming."
"Berlin and Kay identified eleven basic color terms that appear consistently across languages, inspiring subsequent studies on cross-linguistic variation in perceptual boundaries."
"Benavente et al. later released a fuzzy dataset anchored in the eleven basic categories, providing a resource for graded modeling."